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Dementia is the loss of cognitive functioning such as the inability to form short-term memory, impaired reasoning, and memory loss. Alzheimer is known to be the most common cause of dementia but there are other causes, such as vascular dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. The consequences of dementia could be worrisome as it interferes with a person's daily life and activities. Globally, more than 50 million people are suffering from dementia and epidemiological studies have projected an increase to 74.7 million in 2030. The poor record keeping in Nigeria makes the incidence rate of dementia in Nigeria difficult, but there are indications that the incidence rate of dementia in Nigeria is higher than the global rate. Previous studies have proposed that the most potent approach to reducing dementia incidence is its early and accurate diagnosis. Machine Learning (ML) models have been proposed for the diagnosis of dementia, but the existing models have limited accuracy.
Pneumonia is an infection that affects the pulmonary alveoli of the lungs [1]. Globally, pneumonia is reported as a leading cause of death, particularly among infants below the age of five and the elderly, with an estimated 1.4 million deaths among children under the age of five in 2018 [2]. In Nigeria, a country in sub-Saharan Africa, pneumonia alone claimed the lives of more than 800,000 children under five in 2018, with the country having the highest incidence rate—approximately 443 deaths per day [3]. Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses [4], leading to bacterial pneumonia (BP), fungal pneumonia (FP), and viral pneumonia (VP), respectively.